101 research outputs found
Multimodal Dataset Distillation for Image-Text Retrieval
Dataset distillation methods offer the promise of reducing a large-scale
dataset down to a significantly smaller set of (potentially synthetic) training
examples, which preserve sufficient information for training a new model from
scratch. So far dataset distillation methods have been developed for image
classification. However, with the rise in capabilities of vision-language
models, and especially given the scale of datasets necessary to train these
models, the time is ripe to expand dataset distillation methods beyond image
classification. In this work, we take the first steps towards this goal by
expanding on the idea of trajectory matching to create a distillation method
for vision-language datasets. The key challenge is that vision-language
datasets do not have a set of discrete classes. To overcome this, our proposed
multimodal dataset distillation method jointly distill the images and their
corresponding language descriptions in a contrastive formulation. Since there
are no existing baselines, we compare our approach to three coreset selection
methods (strategic subsampling of the training dataset), which we adapt to the
vision-language setting. We demonstrate significant improvements on the
challenging Flickr30K and COCO retrieval benchmark: the best coreset selection
method which selects 1000 image-text pairs for training is able to achieve only
5.6% image-to-text retrieval accuracy (recall@1); in contrast, our dataset
distillation approach almost doubles that with just 100 (an order of magnitude
fewer) training pairs.Comment: 28 pages, 11 figure
Pix2Map: Cross-modal Retrieval for Inferring Street Maps from Images
Self-driving vehicles rely on urban street maps for autonomous navigation. In
this paper, we introduce Pix2Map, a method for inferring urban street map
topology directly from ego-view images, as needed to continually update and
expand existing maps. This is a challenging task, as we need to infer a complex
urban road topology directly from raw image data. The main insight of this
paper is that this problem can be posed as cross-modal retrieval by learning a
joint, cross-modal embedding space for images and existing maps, represented as
discrete graphs that encode the topological layout of the visual surroundings.
We conduct our experimental evaluation using the Argoverse dataset and show
that it is indeed possible to accurately retrieve street maps corresponding to
both seen and unseen roads solely from image data. Moreover, we show that our
retrieved maps can be used to update or expand existing maps and even show
proof-of-concept results for visual localization and image retrieval from
spatial graphs.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Effect of Metformin on Lactate Metabolism in Normal Hepatocytes under High Glucose Stress in Vitro
Objective: To study the effect of metformin on lactate metabolism in hepatocytes in vitro under high glucose stress. Method: LO2 hepatocytes was cultured in vitro, hepatocytes were randomly divided into blank control group, 25 mmol/L glucose solution, 27 mmol/L glucose solution, 29 mmol/L glucose solution, 31 mmol/L glucose solution, 33 mmol/L glucose solution, 35 mmol/L glucose solution treatment group, after determining the optimal concentration as 31 mmol/L, use 30 mmol/L metformin solution, and then divided into blank control group, normal hepatocytes + the optimal concentration of glucose solution, normal hepatocytes + metformin solution , normal hepatocytes+. The optimal concentration of glucose solution normal hepatocytes + metformin solution, calculate the number of hepatocytes on cell count plate respectively in the 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and use the lactic acid kit to determine the lactic acid value of the cell culture medium of normal liver cells + optimal concentration glucose solution and normal liver cells + optimal concentration glucose solution + metformin solution at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, respectively. Results: There was no significant change in the lactic acid concentration but significant increase in the number of surviving hepatocytes in the high-glycemic control group compared with that in the high-glycemic control group without metformin. Conclusions: Metformin has no significant effect on lactic acid metabolism of hepatocytes under high glucose stress in vitro, and has a protective effect on hepatocytes under high glucose stress. Based on this, it is preliminarily believed that metformin is not the direct factor leading to diabetic lactic acidosis
Different Concentrations of Doxycycline in Swine Manure Affect the Microbiome and Degradation of Doxycycline Residue in Soil
Antibiotic residues that enter the soil through swine manure could disturb the number, community structure and functions of microbiota which could also degrade antibiotics in soil. Five different concentrations of doxycycline (DOX) incorporated into swine manure were added to soil to explore the effects of DOX on microbiota in soil and degradation itself. The results showed that the soil microbiome evolved an adaptation to the soil containing DOX by generating resistance genes. Moreover, some of the organisms within the soil microbiome played crucial roles in the degradation of DOX. The average degradation half-life of DOX in non-sterile groups was 13.85 ± 0.45 days, which was significantly shorter than the 29.26 ± 0.98 days in the group with sterilized soil (P < 0.01), indicating that the soil microbiome promoted DOX degradation. DOX addition affected the number of tetracycline resistance genes, depending on the type of gene and the DOX concentration. Among these genes, tetA, tetM, tetW, and tetX had significantly higher copy numbers when the concentration of DOX was higher. In contrast, a lower concentration of DOX had an inhibitory effect on tetG. At the same time, the microbial compositions were affected by the initial concentration of DOX and the different experimental periods. The soil chemical indicators also affected the microbial diversity changes, mainly because some microorganisms could survive in adversity and become dominant bacterial groups, such as the genera Vagococcus and Enterococcus (which were associated with electrical conductivity) and Caldicoprobacter spp. (which were positively correlated with pH). Our study mainly revealed soil microbiota and DOX degradation answered differently under variable concentrations of DOX mixed with swine manure in soil
Survival outcomes of autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy: A matched case-control study
BackgroundDue to the lack of strong evidence-based medical evidence, the relationship between autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) after mastectomy and long-term prognosis is unclear. This study aims to explore if ABR after mastectomy is associated with the prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients based on the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsWe collected data for all cases diagnosed with BC who underwent or did not undergo ABR after mastectomy from 2010-2015 in the SEER database. The primary outcome of our study was overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS). The Propensity Score-Matched (PSM) analysis was used to eliminate the effects of non-random statistics, setting the caliper as 0.0001 to balance the baseline variables within the groups. Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis were used to analyze the data and subgroup analysis was performed to find the subgroups of people who might benefit from ABR.ResultOf 27893 eligible patients, 11038 patients were matched. The cohort consisted of 5519 (50%) ABR patients and 5519 (50%) non-ABR patients after PSM. After PSM, on multivariate cox regression analysis, ABR still exerted a significant influence on the OS (hazard ratio (HR), 0.83, P< 0.05). However, no statistical difference was shown on CSS (HR, 0.93, P = 0.31). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed ABR group had better OS (P = 0.001), but similar CSS (PÂ = 0.174) between ARB and mastectomy groups. Subgroup analysis showed that after matching, those with 50-59 years old, earlier stages of disease, without a marital partner and living in urban areas had better OS after ABR.ConclusionsABR after mastectomy was associated with better OS, but not affect CSS
Ammonia observations towards the Aquila Rift cloud complex
We surveyed the Aquila Rift complex including the Serpens South and W40
region in the NH(1,1) and (2,2) transitions making use of the Nanshan 26-m
telescope. The kinetic temperatures of the dense gas in the Aquila Rift complex
range from 8.9 to 35.0K with an average of 15.36.1K. Low gas temperatures
associate with Serpens South ranging from 8.9 to 16.8K with an average
12.31.7K, while dense gas in the W40 region shows higher temperatures
ranging from 17.7 to 35.0K with an average of 25.14.9 K. A comparison of
kinetic temperatures against HiGal dust temperatures indicates that the gas and
dust temperatures are in agreement in the low mass star formation region of
Serpens South. In the high mass star formation region W40, the measured gas
kinetic temperatures are higher than those of the dust. The turbulent component
of the velocity dispersion of NH(1,1) is found to be positively correlated
with the gas kinetic temperature, which indicates that the dense gas may be
heated by dissipation of turbulent energy. For the fractional total-NH3
abundance obtained by a comparison with Herschel infrared continuum data
representing dust emission we find values from 0.1 to 21 with
an average of 6.9. Serpens South also shows a
fractional total-NH3 abundance ranging from 0.2 to 21 with an
average of 8.6(. In W40, values are lower, between 0.1
and 4.3 with an average of 1.6(. Weak
velocity gradients demonstrate that the rotational energy is a negligible
fraction of the gravitational energy. In W40, gas and dust temperatures are not
strongly dependent on the projected distance to the recently formed massive
stars. Overall, the morphology of the mapped region is ring-like, with strong
emission at lower and weak emission at higher Galactic longitudes
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